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Data extracted in July
...
2021
Fiche created in February 2024
Note to the reader: This general fiche summarises all the environmental and climate impacts of Manure processing techniquesMANURE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES found in a systematic review of 17 synthesis research papers[1]. These papers were selected from an initial number of 277 obtained through a systematic literature search strategy, according to the inclusion criteria reported in section 4. The impacts reported here are those for which there is scientific evidence available in published synthesis papers, what does not preclude the farming practice to have other impacts on the environment and climate still not covered by primary studies or by synthesis papers.
The synthesis papers review a number of primary studies ranging from 7 to 172. Therefore, the assessment of impacts relies on a large number of results from the primary studies, obtained mainly in field conditions, or As each synthesis research paper involves a number of primary research papers ranging from 7 to 172, the assessment of impacts relies on a large number of results obtained mainly in field experiments (carried out in situations close to real farming environment), and sometimes in lab experiments or from model simulations.
1. DESCRIPTION OF THE FARMING PRACTICE
...
- Description:
- Manure processing techniques can be used to change manure chemical/physical properties and composition and thus increasing manure management efficiency
...
- as an amendment and fertiliser, while limiting emissions, as compared to untreated manure[2]
- Key descriptors
...
- :
- In this review, manure processing techniques include:
...
- Composting of solid manure using improved techniques (e.g.
...
- turning, forced-air, bulking agents).
...
- Anaerobic
...
- digestion of slurries. Here, the environmental impacts of anaerobic digestion of manure alone (i.e.
...
- mono-digestion) or with other substrates (i.e.
...
- co-digestion) are reviewed and are considered either as result of the overall processing chain (pre-storage, digesters, post-storage, land distribution, energy generation using biogas) or from single steps.
- Liquid
...
- manure storage in anaerobic lagoons or in aerobic lagoons;
- Solid manure storage in piles.
...
- Improved techniques for manure storage in static stockpiles (e.g.
...
- physical, chemical or microbial additives, etc.) are excluded here, and included in a separate set of fiches regarding ‘Improved manure storage techniques’.
- Solid-liquid
...
- separation (e.g.
...
- decanter centrifuges, screw press, roller presses, decantation). The effects are considered by comparing either handling, storage or land application of the separated fractions, as compared to the raw manure.
- Drying of solid
...
- fractions
- Recovery of nutrients through physical or chemical
...
- treatments (e.g.
...
- struvite precipitation, ammonia stripping)
- Manure
...
- pasteurization
- Note that this is not an exhaustive list of manure processing techniques, but of those found in the literature that meet the requirements to be included in this review
...
- NA
2.
...
EFFECTS OF THE FARMING PRACTICE ON CLIMATE AND
...
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
(table 1)
...
We reviewed the impacts of manure processing techniques compared to untreated manure management.
The table below shows the number of synthesis papers reporting positive, negative or no effect, based on the statistical comparison of the intervention and the control. In addition, we include the with statistical tests reporting i) a significant difference between the Intervention and the Comparator, that is to say, a significant statistical effect, which can be positive or negative; or ii) a non-statistically significant difference between the Intervention and the Comparator. In addition, we include, if any, the number of synthesis papers reporting relevant results , but without statistical test of the effects (uncertain). The numbers between parentheses indicate the number of synthesis papers with a quality score of at least 50%. Details on quality criteria . Details on the quality assessment of the synthesis papers can be found in in the methodology section of this WIKI.
All selected Out of the 17 synthesis papers selected, 15 reported included studies conducted in Europe , and 15 have a quality score higher than 50%. Some synthesis papers reported more than one impact.
...
Impact
...
Metric
...
Technique
...
Positive
...
Negative
...
No effect
...
Uncertain*
...
Decrease air pollutants emission
...
Ammonia
...
Composting
...
5 (4)
...
2 (2)
...
2 (2)
...
0
...
...
...
Anaerobic digestion
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
3 (3)
...
1 (0)
...
...
...
Solid-liquid separation
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
2 (2)
...
0
...
Decrease GHG emissions
...
CH4
...
Composting
...
2 (2)
...
0
...
3 (2)
...
0
...
...
...
Anaerobic digestion
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
0
...
1 (0)
...
...
...
Solid-liquid separation
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
...
N2O
...
Composting
...
5 (4)
...
0
...
2 (2)
...
0
...
...
...
Anaerobic digestion
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
2 (2)
...
1 (0)
...
...
...
Solid-liquid separation
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
2 (2)
...
0
...
...
Aggregated GHG emissions (CO2-eq)
...
Anaerobic digestion
...
2 (2)
...
0
...
0
...
2 (1)
...
...
Composting
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
1 (0)
...
...
...
Solid-liquid separation
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
1 (0)
...
Decrease acidification
...
Anaerobic digestion
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
1 (1)
...
Decrease eutrophication
...
Anaerobic digestion
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
Decrease ecotoxicity
...
...
Anaerobic digestion
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
Decrease energy use
...
...
Anaerobic digestion
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
Decrease resource depletion
...
Anaerobic digestion
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
Increase soil biological quality
...
Composting/Anaerobic digestion
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
Increase carbon sequestration
...
Soil organic carbon
...
Composting/Anaerobic digestion
...
0
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
Increase soil nutrients
...
Soil total nitrogen
...
Composting/Anaerobic digestion
...
0
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
Decrease antimicrobial resistance
...
Antibiotic resistant microbes/genes
...
Drying
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
...
Composting
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
...
...
Anaerobic digestion
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
...
...
Pasteurization
...
0
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
...
...
Anaerobic lagoon storage
...
0
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
...
...
Aerobic lagoon storage
...
0
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
...
...
Pile storage
...
0
...
0
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
Decrease Nutrient leaching and run-off
...
Total nitrogen loss
...
Composting
...
1 (1)
...
1 (1)
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
Increase nutrients recovery
...
Nitrogen and Phosphorous
...
Treatment with struvite precipitation and ammonia stripping
...
1 (1)
...
0
...
0
...
1 (1)
.
Table 1: Summary of effects. Number of synthesis papers reporting positive, negative or non-statistically significant effects on environmental and climate impacts. The number of synthesis papers reporting relevant results but without statistical test of the effects are also provided. When not all the synthesis papers reporting an effect are of high quality, the number of synthesis papers with a quality score of at least 50% is indicated in parentheses. Some synthesis papers may report effects for more than one impact, or more than one effect for the same impact.
|
|
|
| Statistically tested | Non-statistically tested | ||
Impact | Metric | Intervention | Comparator | Significantly positive | Significantly negative | Non-significant | |
Decrease Acidification (LCA) | Acidification potential (LCA approach) | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Decrease Air pollutants emissions | NH3 | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 (0) |
Composting | Conventional management | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Solid-liquid separation | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||
Decrease Anti-microbial resistance | Antibiotic resistant microbes/genes | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Composting | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Drying | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Land application of aerobic lagoon stored manure | Conventional management | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
Land application of anaerobic lagoon stored manure | Conventional management | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
Land application of pile-stored solid manure | Conventional management | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
Pasteurization | Conventional management | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
Increase Carbon sequestration | Soil organic carbon | Composting/Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Decrease Ecotoxicity (LCA) | Ecotoxicity (LCA approach) | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Decrease Energy use (LCA) | Energy use (LCA approach) | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Decrease Eutrophication (LCA) | Eutrophication (LCA approach) | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Decrease GHG emissions | Aggregated GHGs emission | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Decrease GHG emissions | CH4 | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 (0) |
Composting | Conventional management | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 (0) | ||
Solid-liquid separation | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0) | ||
Decrease GHG emissions | N2O | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 (0) |
Composting | Conventional management | 5 | 0 | 4 | 1 (0) | ||
Solid-liquid separation | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 (0) | ||
Decrease Global warming potential (LCA) | Global warming potential (CO2-eq) | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Increase Nutrients recovery | P recovery | Treatment with struvite precipitation | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Increase Nutrients recovery | Total nitrogen loss | Composting | Conventional management | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Decrease Resource depletion (LCA) | Resource depletion (LCA approach) | Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Increase Soil biological quality | Soil biological quality | Composting/Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Increase Soil nutrients | Soil total nitrogen | Composting/Anaerobic digestion | Conventional management | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
3. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTS ON CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
The factors significantly influencing the size and/or direction of the effects on the impacts, according to the synthesis papers included in this review, are reported below. Details about the factors can be found in the summaries of the meta-analyses available in this WIKI.
Table 2: List of factors reported to significantly affect the size and/or direction of the effects on environmental and climate impacts, according to the synthesis papers reviewed. The reference number of the synthesis papers where those factors are explored is given in parentheses.
Impact | Factors |
Acidification (LCA) | NA (Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1 and Ref1) |
Air pollutants emissions | Bulk density (Ref17), Livestock type (Ref10), Manure characteristics (Ref11), NA (Ref2, Ref2, Ref2, Ref2, Ref2, Ref2, Ref2, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref11, Ref11, Ref11, Ref11, Ref11, Ref11, Ref11, Ref10, Ref10, Ref10, Ref10, Ref10, Ref10, Ref10, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17), Temperature in the heap (Ref17) and Type of technology (Ref2) |
Anti-microbial resistance | NA (Ref5, Ref5, Ref5, Ref5, Ref5, Ref5), Temperature (Ref5) and Type of manure (Ref5) |
Carbon sequestration | NA (Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6 and Ref6) |
Ecotoxicity (LCA) | NA (Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1 and Ref1) |
Energy use (LCA) | NA (Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1 and Ref1) |
Eutrophication (LCA) | NA (Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1 and Ref1) |
GHG emissions | Bulk density (Ref17), Climate (Ref8), Crop type (Ref8), Duration of treatment (Ref8), Moisture content (Ref17), NA (Ref2, Ref2, Ref2, Ref2, Ref2, Ref2, Ref2, Ref8, Ref8, Ref8, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref3, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref4, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref12, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref13, Ref14, Ref14, Ref14, Ref14, Ref14, Ref14, Ref14, Ref14, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref15, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16), Soil organic carbon (Ref8), Type of technology (Ref2) and Water filled pore space (Ref8) |
Global warming potential (LCA) | NA (Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16, Ref16 and Ref16) |
Nutrients recovery | Mg:PO4 ratio (Ref7), NA (Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref9, Ref7, Ref7, Ref7, Ref7, Ref7, Ref7, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17, Ref17) and pH (Ref7) |
Resource depletion (LCA) | NA (Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1, Ref1 and Ref1) |
Soil biological quality | NA (Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6 and Ref6) |
Soil nutrients | NA (Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6, Ref6 and Ref6) |
4. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SEARCH STRATEGY
Table 3: Systematic review search strategy - methodology and search parameters.
Parameter | Details |
Keywords | WOS: |
* Number of synthesis papers that report relevant results but without statistical test comparison of the intervention and the control.
3. DESCRIPTION OF THE KEY FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SIZE OF THE EFFECT
Only the factors explicitly studied in the reviewed synthesis papers with a significant effect are reported below. Details regarding the factors can be found in Summaries of the meta-analyses.
...
Impact
...
Factors
...
Air pollutants emissions
...
Type of technology (ref 2), Manure characteristics (ref 10), Livestock type (ref 11), Temperature in the heap (ref 16), Bulk density (ref 16)
...
GHG emissions
...
Type of technology (ref 2), Climate (ref 3), Crop type (ref 3), Water filled pore space (ref 3), Duration of treatment (ref 3), Soil organic carbon (ref 3), Moisture content (ref 16), Bulk density (ref 16)
4.SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SEARCH STRATEGY
Keywords
TOPIC: (manure OR slurry OR digestate OR (digested near/3 manure)) AND TOPIC: (management OR storage OR lagoon* OR "anaerobic digest*" OR tank* OR treatment OR process* OR technolog* OR techni* OR (soil near/3 application) OR (soil near/3 distribution) OR (soil near/3 |
amend*) OR biogas OR precision) AND TOPIC: ( |
"meta-analy*" OR " |
systematic* review*" OR |
or
TITLE-ABS-KEY: (manure OR slurry OR digestate OR (digested W/3 manure)) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY: (management OR storage OR lagoon* OR "anaerobic digest*" OR tank* OR treatment OR process* OR technolog* OR techni* OR (soil W/3 application) OR (soil W/3 distribution) OR (soil W/3 amend*) OR biogas OR precision) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY: ("meta-analy*" OR "systematic* review*" OR "evidence map" OR "global synthesis" OR "evidence synthesis" OR "research synthesis")
Search dates
No time restrictions
Databases
Web of Science and Scopus, run in July 2021
Selection criteria
The main criteria that led to the exclusion of a synthesis paper were if the paper: (1) was out of the scope; (2) did not deal with manure processing techniques or dealt with other stages of manure management (e.g. storage, land application, animal housing techniques); (3) reported studies with absolute values of emission factors, without comparing processing techniques with a reference management scenario; (4) did not clearly state the intervention and comparator; (5) was not either a systematic review or a meta-analysis; (6) was not written in English. Synthesis papers that passed the relevance criteria were subject to critical appraisal carried out on paper-by-paper basis.
The search returned 269 synthesis papers potentially relevant for the practice object of our fiche. Searches for other farming practices added another 8 potentially relevant synthesis papers. From the 277 potentially relevant synthesis papers, 207 were excluded after reading the title and abstract, and 53 after reading the full text according to the above-mentioned criteria. Finally, 17 synthesis papers were selected for manure processing techniques.
5. LIST OF SYNTHESIS PAPERS INCLUDED IN THE REVIEW OF THE FARMING PRACTICE IMPACTS
"evidence map" OR "global synthesis" OR "evidence synthesis" OR "research synthesis") | |
Time reference | No time restriction. |
Databases | Web of Science and Scopus: run on 01 July 2021 |
Exclusion criteria | The main criteria that led to the exclusion of a synthesis paper are: |
5. SYNTHESIS PAPERS INCLUDED IN THE REVIEW
Table 4: List of synthesis papers included in this review. More details can be found in the summaries of the meta-analyses.
Ref Num | Author(s) | Year | Title | Journal | DOI |
Ref1 | Zhang J., Wang M., Yin C., Dogot T. | 2021 | The potential of dairy manure and sewage management pathways towards a circular economy: A meta-analysis from the life cycle perspective | Sci. Total Environ. 779, 146396. | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146396 |
Ref2 | Zhang Z., Liu D., Qiao Y., Li S., Chen Y., Hu C. | 2021 | Mitigation of carbon and nitrogen losses during pig manure composting: A meta-analysis | Science of the Total Environment 783 147103 | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147103 |
Ref3 | Ba, SD; Qu, QB; Zhang, KQ; Groot, JCJ | 2020 | Meta-analysis of greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from dairy manure composting | Biosystems engineering | 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.02.015 |
Ref4 | Emmerling, C; Krein, A; Junk, J | 2020 | Meta-Analysis of Strategies to Reduce NH3 Emissions from Slurries in European Agriculture and Consequences for Greenhouse Gas Emissions | Agronomy 10, 1633 | 10.3390/agronomy10111633 |
Ref5 | Goulas, A; Belhadi, D; Descamps, A; Andremont, A; Benoit, P; Courtois, S; Dagot, C; Grall, N; Makowski, D; Nazaret, S; Nelieu, S; Patureau, D; Petit, F; Roose-Amsaleg, C; Vittecoq, M; Livoreil, B; Laouenan, C | 2020 | How effective are strategies to control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment? A systematic review | Environmental Evidence 9, 1–32 | 10.1186/s13750-020-0187-x |
Ref6 |
Ref. Num
Authors
Year
Title
Reference
DOI
1
Zhang, J; Wang, M; Yin, C; Dogot, T
2021
The potential of dairy manure and sewage management pathways towards a circular economy: A meta-analysis from the life cycle perspective
Sci. Total Environ. 779, 146396.
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146396
2
Zhang, Z; Liu, D; Qiao, Y; Li, S; Chen, Y; Hu,
2021
Mitigation of carbon and nitrogen losses during pig manure composting: A meta-analysis
Science of the Total Environment 783 147103
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147103
3
Xia, F; Mei, K; Xu, Y; Zhang, C; Dahlgren, RA; Zhang, MH
2020
Response of N2O emission to manure application in field trials of agricultural soils across the globe
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 733, 139390.
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139390
Liu, SB; Wang, JY; Pu, SY; Blagodatskaya, E; Kuzyakov, Y; Razavi, BS |
2020 |
Impact of manure on soil biochemical properties: A global synthesis |
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 745, 141003. |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141003 |
5
Goulas, A; Belhadi, D; Descamps, A; Andremont, A; Benoit, P; Courtois, S; Dagot, C; Grall, N; Makowski, D; Nazaret, S; Nelieu, S; Patureau, D; Petit, F; Roose-Amsaleg, C; Vittecoq, M; Livoreil, B; Laouenan, C
2020
How effective are strategies to control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment? A systematic review
Environmental Evidence 9, 1–32
10.1186/s13750-020-0187-x
Ref7 | Lorick, D; Macura, B; Ahlstrom, M; Grimvall, A; Harder, R | 2020 | Effectiveness of struvite precipitation and ammonia stripping for recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from anaerobic digestate: a systematic review | Environmental Evidence 9, 1–20 | 10.1186/s13750-020-00211-x |
Ref8 | Xia, F; Mei, K; Xu, Y; Zhang, C; Dahlgren, RA; Zhang, MH | 2020 | Response of N2O emission to manure application in field trials of agricultural soils across the globe | SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 733, 139390. | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139390 |
Ref9 | Zhao, SX; Schmidt, S; Qin, W; Li, J; Li, GX; Zhang, WF |
2020 |
Towards the circular nitrogen economy - A global meta-analysis of composting technologies reveals much potential for mitigating nitrogen losses |
Sci. Total Environ. 704, 135401 |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135401 |
Ref10 |
Ti, |
CP; |
Xia, |
LL; |
Chang, |
SX; |
Yan, XY | 2019 | Potential for mitigating global agricultural ammonia emission: A meta-analysis | Environ. Pollut. 245, 141–148 | 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.124 |
Ref11 | Wang, Y; Xue, W; Zhu, Z; Yang, J; Li, X; Tian, Z;Dong, H; Zou, G; | 2019 | Mitigating ammonia emissions from typical broiler and layer manure management - A system analysis | Waste Management |
2020
Effectiveness of struvite precipitation and ammonia stripping for recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from anaerobic digestate: a systematic review
Environmental Evidence 9, 1–20
10.1186/s13750-020-00211-x
8
Ba, SD; Qu, QB; Zhang, KQ; Groot, JCJ
2020
Meta-analysis of greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from dairy manure composting
10.1016/j. |
wasman. |
2019. |
05. |
019 |
Ref12 |
Sajeev, |
EPM; |
Winiwarter, |
W; |
Amon, |
B |
2020
Meta-Analysis of Strategies to Reduce NH3 Emissions from Slurries in European Agriculture and Consequences for Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Agronomy 10, 1633
10.3390/agronomy10111633
2018 | Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Different Stages of Liquid Manure Management Chains: Abatement Options and Emission Interactions | Journal of environmental quality | 10.2134/jeq2017.05.0199 |
Ref13 |
Wang, Y; |
Dong, |
HM; Zhu, |
ZP; |
Gerber, PJ; Xin, HW; Smith, P; Opio, C; Steinfeld, H; Chadwick, D | 2017 | Mitigating Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Swine Manure Management: A System Analysis | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 10.1021/acs.est.6b06430 | |
Ref14 | Jayasundara, S; Appuhamy, JADRN; Kebreab, E; Wagner-Riddle, C | 2016 | Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian dairy farms and mitigation options: An updated review | CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE | 10.1139/cjas-2015-0111 |
Ref15 | Hou, Y; Velthof, GL; Oenema, O | 2015 | Mitigation of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane emissions from manure management chains: a meta-analysis and integrated assessment | Glob. Chang. Biol. 21, 1293–1312 | 10.1111/gcb.12767 |
Ref16 | Miranda, ND; Tuomisto, HL; McCulloch, MD | 2015 | Meta-Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Anaerobic Digestion Processes in Dairy Farms | Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 5211–5219 | 10.1021/acs.est.5b00018 |
Ref17 | Pardo, G; Moral, R; Aguilera, E; del Prado, A | 2015 | Gaseous emissions from management of solid waste: a systematic review |
2019
Mitigating ammonia emissions from typical broiler and layer manure management - A system analysis
Waste Management
10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.019
11
Ti, CP; Xia, LL; Chang, SX; Yan, XY
2019
Potential for mitigating global agricultural ammonia emission: A meta-analysis
Environ. Pollut. 245, 141–148
10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.124
12
Sajeev, EPM; Winiwarter, W; Amon, B
2018
Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Different Stages of Liquid Manure Management Chains: Abatement Options and Emission Interactions
Journal of environmental quality
10.2134/jeq2017.05.0199
13
Wang, Y; Dong, HM; Zhu, ZP; Gerber, PJ; Xin, HW; Smith, P; Opio, C; Steinfeld, H; Chadwick, D
2017
Mitigating Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Swine Manure Management: A System Analysis
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
10.1021/acs.est.6b06430
14
Jayasundara, S; Appuhamy, JADRN; Kebreab, E; Wagner-Riddle, C
2016
Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian dairy farms and mitigation options: An updated review
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
10.1139/cjas-2015-0111
15
Hou, Y; Velthof, GL; Oenema, O
2015
Glob. Chang. Biol. 21, |
1313–1327 | 10.1111 |
16
Pardo, G; Moral, R; Aguilera, E; del Prado, A
2015
Gaseous emissions from management of solid waste: a systematic review
Glob. Chang. Biol. 21, 1313–1327
10.1111/gcb.12806
17
Miranda, ND; Tuomisto, HL; McCulloch, MD
2015
Meta-Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Anaerobic Digestion Processes in Dairy Farms
Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 5211–5219
10.1021/acs.est.5b00018
/gcb.12806 |
Disclaimer: These fiches present a large amount of scientific knowledge synthesised to assess farming practices impacts on the environment, climate and productivity. The European Commission maintains this WIKI to enhance public access to information about its initiatives. Our goal is to keep this information timely and accurate. If errors are brought to our attention, we will try to correct them. However, the Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the information on these fic
[1] Synthesis research papers include either meta-analysis or systematic reviews with quantitative results. Details can be found in the methodology section of the WIKI.
[2] AMEC – Environment & infrastructure UK limited, in partnership with BIO intelligence service. Collection and analysis of data for the control of emissions from the spreading of manure - Final report 2014 for The European Commission. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/Final%20Report.pdf[1] Synthesis research papers include either meta-analysis or systematic reviews with quantitative results.