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Key

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Description  

  • Soil amendments are the practices used to improve the soil quality in terms of its structure and biochemical function. Most amendments use calcium-containing minerals, such as lime or gypsum. Both types of amendment have  different chemical properties, as explained in Key descriptors.  

Key descriptors 

  • Different types of calcium-containing minerals are used in practice, in particular [2] 
  • Lime refers to a material that can come in different forms, especially calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3). It is used to reduce soil acidity and to add calcium or magnesium to the soil. 
  • Gypsum, or calcium sulfate dihydrate, (CaSO4 ·2H₂O), is a neutral salt. It can be used to improve soil calcium and sulphur levels. Gypsum is about 200 times more soluble than agricultural lime, allowing it to move readily down the soil profile where it can help to alleviate a range of subsoil problems. In some acid soils, gypsum can be used to ameliorate subsoil aluminium toxicity, while in saline alkaline soils to alleviate sodium toxicity and to regulate soil pH, bulk density and water infiltration. 

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE IMPACTS OF THE FARMING PRACTICE ON ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE

We reviewed the impacts of soil amendment with lime or gypsum vs. no amendment. 

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Impact  

Factors  

Soil physico-chemical quality  

Incorporation depth (ref 2), Liming rate (ref 3, 5), Lab/field scale (ref 3, 5), Soil salinity (ref 2), Soil organic matter (ref 5), Soil texture (ref 5), Time scale (ref 5),  

Carbon sequestration 

Application season (ref 2), Climate (ref 6), Liming duration (ref 6), Soil salinity (ref 2), Soil depth (ref 2)  

Ecotoxicity  

Liming rate (ref 3), Rice cultivar (ref 3), Lab/field scale (ref 3), Soil Cd concentration (ref 3), Soil texture (ref 3), Soil Zn concentration (ref 3), Type of lime (ref 3) 

Crop yield  

Aluminium saturation (ref 4), Crop species (ref 4, 5), Incorporation depth (ref 2), Irrigation (ref 2), Ploughing (ref 5), Soil texture (ref 5), Soil pH (ref 1), Water table (ref 2), Water deficiency (ref 4) 

4. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SEARCH STRATEGY 

Keywords  

Search equations WOS  

TOPIC: ("liming" OR "limest*" OR "chalk*" OR "marl*" OR "gypsum") AND TOPIC: (soil) AND TOPIC: ("meta-analy*" OR "systematic* review*" OR "evidence map" OR "global synthesis" OR "evidence synthesis" OR "research synthesis")  

Search equations SCOPUS  

TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( "liming"  OR  "limest*"  OR  "chalk*"  OR  "marl*"  OR  "gypsum" ) )  AND  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( soil )  AND  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( "meta-analy*"  OR  "systematic* review*"  OR  "evidence map"  OR  "global synthesis"  OR  "evidence synthesis"  OR  "research synthesis" ) )  

 

Search dates  

No time restrictions  

Databases  

Web of Science and Scopus, run in March 2021  

Selection criteria  

The main criteria that led to the exclusion of a synthesis paper were if the paper: (1) was out of the scope; (2) was not a meta-analysis; (3) was a MA of experimental trials (i.e. no systematic review process); (4) did not deal with soil amendment with lime or gypsum; (5) did not deal with environmental or productivity outcome; (6) did not clearly stated the intervention and comparator treatments; (7) was not written in English. Synthesis papers that passed the relevance criteria were subject to critical appraisal carried out on paper-by-paper basis.  

The systematic search provided 35 synthesis papers (after removing the duplicates) potentially relevant for the practice object of our fiches. From this set of potentially relevant synthesis papers, 7 synthesis papers were selected. 

5. LIST OF SYNTHESIS PAPERS INCLUDED IN THE REVIEW  

Ref. Num 

Authors 

Year 

Title 

Reference 

DOI 

1 

Hijbeek R, van Loon MP, Ouaret W, Boekelo B, van Ittersum MK 

2021  

Liming agricultural soils in Western Kenya: Can long-term economic and environmental benefits pay off short term investments?  

Agricultural Systems 190, 103095  

10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103095  

2 

Wang Y, Wang Z, Liang F, Jing X, Feng W  

2021  

Application of flue gas desulfurization gypsum improves multiple functions of saline-sodic soils across China.  

Chemosphere. 277:130345  

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130345  

3 

Kong L, Guo Z, Peng C, Xiao X, He Y  

2021  

Factors influencing the effectiveness of liming on cadmium reduction in rice: A meta-analysis and decision tree analysis  

Sci Total Environ. 779:146477  

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146477  

4 

Pias, OHD; Tiecher, T; Cherubin, MR; Silva, AGB; Bayer, C  

2020  

Does gypsum increase crop grain yield on no-tilled acid soils? A meta-analysis  

Agronomy Journal 112, 675–692.  

10.1002/agj2.20125  

5 

Li Y.; Cui S.; Chang S.X., Zhang Q.  

2019  

Liming effects on soil pH and crop yield depend on lime material type, application method and rate, and crop species: a global meta-analysis. Journal of Soils and Sediments 19(4)  

J Soils Sediments 19:1393–406  

10.1007/s11368-018-2120-2  

6 

Eze, S; Palmer, SM; Chapman, PJ.  

2018  

Soil organic carbon stock in grasslands: Effects of inorganic fertilizers, liming and grazing in different climate settings  

Journal of Environmental Management 223, 74-84  

10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.013  

7 

Tiecher, T; Pias, OHD; Bayer, C; Martins, AP; Denardin, LGD; Anghinoni, I  

2018  

Crop Response to Gypsum Application to Subtropical Soils Under No-Till in Brazil: a Systematic Review  

Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo 42:170025  

10.1590/18069657rbcs20170025  

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