Data extracted in September 2021
Fiche created in January 2024

Note to the reader: This general fiche summarises all the environmental and climate impacts of NO TILLAGE AND REDUCED TILLAGE found in a review of 50 synthesis papers[1]. These papers were selected from an initial number of 359 obtained through a systematic literature search strategy, according to the inclusion criteria reported in section 4. The impacts reported here are those for which there is scientific evidence available in published synthesis papers, what does not preclude the farming practice to have other impacts on the environment and climate still not covered by primary studies or by synthesis papers.

The synthesis papers review a number of primary studies ranging from 8 to 678. Therefore, the assessment of impacts relies on a large number of results from the primary studies, obtained mainly in field conditions, or sometimes in lab experiments or from model simulations.

1.      DESCRIPTION OF THE FARMING PRACTICE

  • Description:
    • Reduced tillage refers to methods involving low degrees of soil disturbance (e.g., minimum tillage, subsoil tillage, non-inversion, or shallow inversion).[2]
    • No-tillage (or zero tillage) is a minimum tillage practice in which the crop is sown directly into soil not tilled since the harvest of the previous crop.[3]
    • Conservation agriculture is a special case of no-tillage systems where minimum soil disturbance is combined with crop rotation (i.e., alternation of different crops) and permanent soil cover (including crop residues, mulch, and live mulch).[4]
    • Conventional tillage in arable land involves soil inversion. It includes high-disturbance tillage practices, such as deep tillage, inversion tillage, mouldboard plough, disc plough.[5]
  • Key descriptors:
    • This review aims to analyse the impacts of reduced tillage and no-tillage, separately, compared to conventional tillage. The impact of conservation agriculture, considered as a special case of no tillage, is also reported in this review.
    • The review also includes comparisons between no-tillage or reduced tillage combined with either permanent soil cover or crop rotation, and conventional tillage.
    • Studies including various no-tillage and reduced tillage systems (sometimes defined as conservation tillage[6]) are excluded from this review, as the effects reported in the papers cannot be distinguished.[6]

2.     EFFECTS OF THE FARMING PRACTICE ON CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

We reviewed the impacts of no tillage (Table 1, left panel) and reduced tillage (right panel) compared to conventional tillage.

The table below shows the number of synthesis papers with statistical tests reporting i) a significant difference between the Intervention and the Comparator, that is to say, a significant statistical effect, which can be positive or negative; or ii) a non-statistically significant difference between the Intervention and the Comparator. In addition, we include, if any, the number of synthesis papers reporting relevant results but without statistical test of the effects. Details on the quality assessment of the synthesis papers can be found in the methodology section of this WIKI.

Out of the 50 selected synthesis papers, 51 included studies conducted in Europe, and 46 have a quality score higher than 50%.

Table 1: Summary of effects. Number of synthesis papers reporting positive, negative or non-statistically significant effects on environmental and climate impacts. The number of synthesis papers reporting relevant results but without statistical test of the effects are also provided. When not all the synthesis papers reporting an effect are of high quality, the number of synthesis papers with a quality score of at least 50% is indicated in parentheses. Some synthesis papers may report effects for more than one impact, or more than one effect for the same impact.



No tillage

Reduced tillage



Statistically tested

Non-statistically tested

Statistically tested

Non-statistically tested

Impact

Metric

 Significantly positive

Significantly negative

Non-significant

 Significantly positive

Significantly negative

Non-significant

Decrease Air pollutants emissions

NO emission

1

0

0

0





Increase Carbon sequestration

Soil organic carbon

19 (17)

2 (1)

6 (5)

1 (0)

8 (7)

1

2

0

Decrease GHG emissions

GHG emission

3

0

3

1 (0)

0

1

1

0

CH4 emissions

3

1

3

1 (0)

1

1

1

0

N2O emission

0

4

2

1 (0)

0

0

4

0

Decrease Nutrient leaching and run-off

Nutrient leaching and run-off

1

1

0

0





Decrease Pests and diseases

Pest and disease

1

0

2

0

1

1

2

0

Increase Soil biological quality

Soil biological quality

5

0

3

0

3

0

3

1

Decrease Soil erosion

Soil erosion

3

0

2

0

0

0

1

0

Increase Soil nutrients

Soil nutrients

1

0

1

1 (0)





Increase Soil physico-chemical quality

Soil physical quality

3

2

2

0

0

1

0

0

Increase Soil water retention

Soil water retention

2

0

0

0





Decrease Water use

Water supply

1

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

Increase Crop yield

Crop yield

2

7

6

1

0

3

1

2 (1)

3.      FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTS ON CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The factors significantly influencing the size and/or direction of the effects on the impacts, according to the synthesis papers included in this review, are reported below. Details about the factors can be found in the summaries of the meta-analyses available in this WIKI.

Table 2: List of factors reported to significantly affect the size and/or direction of the effects on environmental and climate impacts, according to the synthesis papers reviewed. The reference number of the synthesis papers where those factors are explored is given in parentheses.

Impact

Factors

Carbon sequestration

C fertilisation (Ref47), Climate (Ref15, Ref16, Ref50), Cropping system (Ref48), Duration (Ref9), Experiment duration (Ref16), Land use (Ref45), N fertilisation (Ref7), Residue retention (Ref9), Soil depth (Ref3, Ref9, Ref12, Ref25, Ref31, Ref40), Soil organic carbon content (Ref35), Soil texture (Ref16, Ref35), Temperature (Ref3, Ref7), Time (Ref1, Ref12) and Time since treatment (Ref40)

GHG emissions

Applied N (Ref6), Climate (Ref20, Ref24), Crop residue management (Ref20), Crop type (Ref20, Ref24), N application rate (Ref20, Ref24), Percentage of basal N fertiliser (Ref19), Soil clay content (Ref24), Soil pH (Ref20, Ref24), Soil texture (Ref20), Tillage duration (Ref20), Time since treatment (Ref24) and Water management (Ref24)

Nutrient leaching and run-off

Aridity (Ref30), Climate (Ref30), Crop type (Ref30), Slope gradient (Ref30) and Time since treatment (Ref30)

Soil biological quality

Age group (Ref28), Crop type (Ref27), Earthworms species (Ref28), Ecological group (Ref28), Mean annual precipitation (Ref5, Ref23, Ref28), Mean annual temperature (Ref23), Nitrogen application (Ref11), Organic materials available (Ref28), Organisms abundance (Ref5), Presence of cover crop prior alternative tillage (Ref27), Soil clay content (Ref28), Soil pH (Ref23, Ref28), Soil texture (Ref23), Time (Ref11, Ref34) and Time since treatment (Ref23, Ref28)

Soil erosion

Climate (Ref38), Crop type (Ref38), Duration of treatment (Ref44), Mean annual precipitation (Ref38), Mean annual temperature (Ref38), Slope gradient (Ref44), Soil organic carbon (Ref38), Soil texture (Ref44), Soil texture and soil type (Ref38), Time since treatment (Ref38) and Topography (Ref38)

Soil nutrients

Legume in rotation (Ref3) and Soil depth (Ref3)

Soil physico-chemical quality

Duration of treatment (Ref18), Precipitation (Ref17), Time (Ref10 and Ref12)

Crop yield

Aridity (Ref29), Climate (Ref15, Ref20, Ref21, Ref39, Ref41, Ref42, Ref46), Climate x crop rotation x N fertilisation (Ref39), Climate x duration of treatment x N fertilisation (Ref39), Climate x residues management x N fertilisation (Ref39), Climate*experiment duration (Ref46), Crop residue management (Ref20, Ref21), Crop type (Ref20, Ref42), Cropping system (Ref21), Latitude (Ref42), N-fertilisation placement (Ref46), N-fertilisation placement*climate (Ref46), N application rate (Ref20), N fertilisation (Ref42), Soil pH (Ref20), Soil texture (Ref20, Ref29), Tillage duration (Ref20) and Time since treatment (Ref41, Ref42)

4.     SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SEARCH STRATEGY

Table 3: Systematic review search strategy - methodology and search parameters.

Parameter

Details

Keywords

WOS:
1) TS=("conservation" NEAR "agriculture") AND TS=(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))
2) TS=(("conservation" NEAR "agriculture") OR ("no" NEAR "till*")) AND TS=(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))
3) TS=(("conservation" NEAR "agriculture") OR ("no" NEAR "till*") OR ("reduce*" NEAR "till*")) AND TS=(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))
4) TS=(("conservation" NEAR "agriculture") OR ("no" NEAR "till*") OR ("reduce*" NEAR "till*") OR ("minimum" NEAR "till*")) AND TS=(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))
5) TS=(("conservation" NEAR "agriculture") OR ("no" NEAR "till*") OR ("reduce*" NEAR "till*") OR ("minimum" NEAR "till*") OR ("zero" NEAR "till*")) AND TS=(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))
6) TS=(("conservation" NEAR "agriculture") OR ("no" NEAR "till*") OR ("reduce*" NEAR "till*") OR ("minimum" NEAR "till*") OR ("zero" NEAR "till*") OR ("occasional" NEAR "till*")) AND TS=(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))

 and

SCOPUS:
1) TITLE-ABS-KEY("conservation" W/ "agriculture") AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))
2) TITLE-ABS-KEY(("conservation" W/ "agriculture") OR ("no" W/ "till*")) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))
3) TITLE-ABS-KEY(("conservation" W/ "agriculture") OR ("no" W/ "till*") OR ("reduce*" W/ "till*")) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))
4) TITLE-ABS-KEY(("conservation" W/ "agriculture") OR ("no" W/ "till*") OR ("reduce*" W/ "till*") OR ("minimum" W/ "till*")) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))
5) TITLE-ABS-KEY(("conservation" W/ "agriculture") OR ("no" W/ "till*") OR ("reduce*" W/ "till*") OR ("minimum" W/ "till*") OR ("zero" W/ "till*")) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))
6) TITLE-ABS-KEY(("conservation" W/ "agriculture") OR ("no" W/ "till*") OR ("reduce*" W/ "till*") OR ("minimum" W/ "till*") OR ("zero" W/ "till*") OR ("occasional" W/ "till*")) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(("meta-analy*"  OR "systematic* review*"  OR "evidence map"  OR "global synthesis"  OR "evidence synthesis"  OR "research synthesis"))

Time reference

No time restriction.

Databases

Web of Science and Scopus: run on 01 September 2021

Exclusion criteria

The main criteria that led to the exclusion of a synthesis paper are: 
 1) The topic of the meta-analysis is out of the scope of this review,

2) The paper is neither a systematic review nor a meta-analysis of primary research,

3) The paper is a second order meta-analysis,

4) The analysis is not based on pairwise comparisons,

5) The paper do not study the effect of no or reduced tillage variants on the environment or on crop productivity, compared to conventional tillage,

6) The paper do not clearly state the intervention and comparator treatments,

7) The paper specifically states that data from Europe are not included,

8) The paper is not written in English. and 9) The full text is not available. 

The search returned 350 synthesis papers from WOS and SCOPUS on No tillage and reduced tillage plus other 9 retrieved in the search of other farming practices, potentially relevant for the practice object of our fiche. 
From the 359 potentially relevant synthesis papers, 151 were excluded after reading the title and abstract, and 155 after reading the full text according to the above-mentioned criteria. Finally, 50 synthesis papers were selected.

5.     SYNTHESIS PAPERS INCLUDED IN THE REVIEW

Table 4: List of synthesis papers included in this review. More details can be found in the summaries of the meta-analyses.

Ref Num

Author(s)

Year

Title

Journal

DOI

Ref1

Kan, ZR; Liu, QY; Virk, AL; He, C; Qi, JY; Dang, YP; Zhao, X; Zhang, HL

2021

Effects of experiment duration on carbon mineralization and accumulation under no-till

SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH 209, 104939

10.1016/j.still.2021.104939

Ref2

Maucieri, C; Tolomio, M; McDaniel, MD; Zhang, YJ; Robatjazi, J; Borin, M

2021

No-tillage effects on soil CH4 fluxes: A meta-analysis

SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH 212, 105042

10.1016/j.still.2021.105042

Ref3

Nicoloso, RS; Rice, CW

2021

Intensification of no-till agricultural systems: An opportunity for carbon sequestration

SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL 85, 1395–1409

10.1002/saj2.20260

Ref4

Payen, FT; Sykes, A; Aitkenhead, M; Alexander, P; Moran, D; MacLeod, M

2021

Soil organic carbon sequestration rates in vineyard agroecosystems under different soil management practices: A meta-analysis

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 290, 125736

10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125736

Ref5

Puissant, J; Villenave, C; Chauvin, C; Plassard, C; Blanchart, E; Trap, J

2021

Quantification of the global impact of agricultural practices on soil nematodes: A meta-analysis

SOIL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108383

Ref6

Shakoor, A; Shahbaz, M; Farooq, TH; Sahar, NE; Shahzad, SM; Altaf, MM; Ashraf, M

2021

A global meta-analysis of greenhouse gases emission and crop yield under no-tillage as compared to conventional tillage

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 750, 142299

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142299

Ref7

Shang, ZY; Abdalla, M; Xia, LL; Zhou, F; Sun, WJ; Smith, P

2021

Can cropland management practices lower net greenhouse emissions without compromising yield?

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 27, 4657-4670

10.1111/gcb.15796

Ref8

Yangjin, DZ; Wu, XW; Bai, H; Gu, JX

2021

A meta-analysis of management practices for simultaneously mitigating N2O and NO emissions from agricultural soils

SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH 213, 105142

10.1016/j.still.2021.105142

Ref9

Li, Y; Li, Z; Chang, SX; Cui, S; Jagadamma, S; Zhang, QP; Cai, YJ

2020

Residue retention promotes soil carbon accumulation in minimum tillage systems: Implications for conservation agriculture

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 740, 140147

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140147

Ref10

Li, Y; Li, Z; Cui, S; Zhang, QP

2020

Trade-off between soil pH, bulk density and other soil physical properties under global no-tillage agriculture

GEODERMA 361, 114099

10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114099

Ref11

Li, YZ; Song, DP; Liang, SH; Dang, PF; Qin, XL; Liao, YC; Siddique, KHM

2020

Effect of no-tillage on soil bacterial and fungal community diversity: A meta-analysis

SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH 204, 104721

10.1016/j.still.2020.104721

Ref12

Mondal, S; Chakraborty, D; Bandyopadhyay, K; Aggarwal, P; Rana, DS

2020

A global analysis of the impact of zero-tillage on soil physical condition, organic carbon content, and plant root response

LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT 31, 557-567

10.1002/ldr.3470

Ref13

Morugan-Coronado, A; Linares, C; Gomez-Lopez, MD; Faz, A; Zornoza, R

2020

The impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions: A meta-analysis of field studies

AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS 178, 102736

10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736

Ref14

Rowen, EK; Regan, KH; Barbercheck, ME; Tooker, JF

2020

Is tillage beneficial or detrimental for insect and slug management? A meta-analysis

AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT 294, 106849

10.1016/j.agee.2020.106849

Ref15

Sun, WJ; Canadell, JG; Yu, LJ; Yu, LF; Zhang, W; Smith, P; Fischer, T; Huang, Y

2020

Climate drives global soil carbon sequestration and crop yield changes under conservation agriculture

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 26, 3325-3335

10.1111/gcb.15001

Ref16

Bai, XX; Huang, YW; Ren, W; Coyne, M; Jacinthe, PA; Tao, B; Hui, DF; Yang, J; Matocha, C

2019

Responses of soil carbon sequestration to climate-smart agriculture practices: A meta-analysis

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 25, 2591 2606

10.1111/gcb.14658

Ref17

Basche, AD; DeLonge, MS

2019

Comparing infiltration rates in soils managed with conventional and alternative farming methods: A meta-analysis

Plos one 14(9), e0215702

10.1371/journal.pone.0215702

Ref18

Li, Y; Li, Z; Cui, S; Jagadamma, S; Zhang, QP

2019

Residue retention and minimum tillage improve physical environment of the soil in croplands: A global meta-analysis

SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH 194

10.1016/j.still.2019.06.009

Ref19

Feng, JF; Li, FB; Zhou, XY; Xu, CC; Ji, L; Chen, ZD; Fang, FP

2018

Impact of agronomy practices on the effects of reduced tillage systems on CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural fields: A global meta-analysis

PLOS ONE 13 (5)

10.1371/journal.pone.0196703

Ref20

Huang, YW; Ren, W; Wang, LX; Hui, DF; Grove, JH; Yang, XJ; Tao, B; Goff, B

2018

Greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield in no-tillage systems: A meta- analysis

AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT 268: 144-153

10.1016/j.agee.2018.09.002

Ref21

Knapp, S; van der Heijden, MGA

2018

A global meta-analysis of yield stability in organic and conservation agriculture

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 9

10.1038/s41467-018-05956-1

Ref22

Li, SQ; Zheng, XH; Liu, CY; Yao, ZS; Zhang, W; Han, SH

2018

Influences of observation method, season, soil depth, land use and management practice on soil dissolvable organic carbon concentrations: A meta-analysis

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.238

Ref23

Li, Y; Chang, SX; Tian, LH; Zhang, QP

2018

Conservation agriculture practices increase soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soils: A global meta-analysis

SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY

10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.02.024

Ref24

Mei, K; Wang, ZF; Huang, H; Zhang, C; Shang, X; Dahlgren, RA; Zhang, MH; Xia, F

2018

Stimulation of N2O emission by conservation tillage management in agricultural lands: A meta-analysis

SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH

10.1016/j.still.2018.05.006

Ref25

Meurer, KHE; Haddaway, NR; Bolinder, MA; Katterer, T

2018

Tillage intensity affects total SOC stocks in boreo-temperate regions only in the topsoil-A systematic review using an ESM approach

EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS

10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.015

Ref26

Xiong, MQ; Sun, RH; Chen, LD

2018

Effects of soil conservation techniques on water erosion control: A global analysis

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.124

Ref27

Bowles, TM; Jackson, LE; Loeher, M; Cavagnaro, TR

2017

Ecological intensification and arbuscular mycorrhizas: a meta-analysis of tillage and cover crop effects

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY

10.1111/1365-2664.12815

Ref28

Briones, MJI; Schmidt, O

2017

Conventional tillage decreases the abundance and biomass of earthworms and alters their community structure in a global meta-analysis

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY

10.1111/gcb.13744

Ref29

Chakraborty, D; Ladha, JK; Rana, DS; Jat, ML; Gathala MK; Yadav, S; Rao, AN; Ramesha, MS; Raman, A

2017

A global analysis of alternative tillage and crop establishment practices for economically and environmentally efficient rice production

Scientific Reports

10.1038/s41598-017-09742-9

Ref30

Daryanto, S; Wang, LX; Jacinthe, PA

2017

Meta-Analysis of Phosphorus Loss from No-Till Soils

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

10.2134/jeq2017.03.0121

Ref31

Haddaway, NR; Hedlund, K; Jackson, LE; Katterer, T; Lugato, E; Thomsen, IK; Jorgensen, HB; Isberg, PE

2017

How does tillage intensity affect soil organic carbon? A systematic review

ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE 6

10.1186/s13750-017-0108-9

Ref32

Han, Z; Walter, MT; Drinkwater, LE

2017

N2O emissions from grain cropping systems: a meta-analysis of the impacts of fertiliser-based and ecologically-based nutrient management strategies

NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS 107, 335-355

10.1007/s10705-017-9836-z

Ref33

Kopittke, PM; Dalal, RC; Finn, D; Menzies, NW

2017

Global changes in soil stocks of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur as influenced by long-term agricultural production

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2, 2509-2519

10.1111/gcb.13513

Ref34

Moos, JH; Schrader, S; Paulsen, HM

2017

Reduced tillage enhances earthworm abundance and biomass in organic farming: A meta-analysis

LANDBAUFORSCHUNG-JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AND ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS 67, 123-128

10.3220/LBF1512114926000

Ref35

Abdalla, K; Chivenge, P; Ciais, P; Chaplot, V

2016

No-tillage lessens soil CO2 emissions the most under arid and sandy soil conditions: results from a meta-analysis

BIOGEOSCIENCES 13, 3619-3633

10.5194/bg-13-3619-2016

Ref36

Cooper, J; Baranski, M; Stewart, G; Nobel-de Lange, M; Barberi, P; Fliessbach, A; Peigne, J; Berner, A; Brock, C; Casagrande, M; Crowley, O; David, C; De Vliegher, A; Doring, TF; Dupont, A; Entz, M; Grosse, M; Haase, T; Halde, C; Hammerl, V; Huiting, H; Leithold, G; Messmer, M; Schloter, M; Sukkel, W; van der Heijden, MGA; Willekens, K; Wittwer, R; Mader, P

2016

Shallow non-inversion tillage in organic farming maintains crop yields and increases soil C stocks: a meta-analysis

AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 36, 22

10.1007/s13593-016-0354-1

Ref37

Kampf, I; Holzel, N; Storrle, M; Broll, G; Kiehl, K

2016

Potential of temperate agricultural soils for carbon sequestration: A meta-analysis of land-use effects

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 566, 428-435

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.067

Ref38

Mhazo, N; Chivenge, P; Chaplot, V

2016

Tillage impact on soil erosion by water: Discrepancies due to climate and soil characteristics

AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT

10.1016/j.agee.2016.04.033

Ref39

Lundy, ME; Pittelkow, CM; Linquist, BA; Liang, XQ; van Groenigen, KJ; Lee, J; Six, J; Venterea, RT; van Kessel, C

2015

Nitrogen fertilisation reduces yield declines following no-till adoption

FIELD CROPS RESEARCH

10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.023

Ref40

Mangalassery, S; Sjogersten, S; Sparkes, DL; Mooney, SJ

2015

Examining the potential for climate change mitigation from zero tillage

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

10.1017/S0021859614001002

Ref41

Pittelkow, CM; Liang, XQ; Linquist, BA; van Groenigen, KJ; Lee, J; Lundy, ME; van Gestel, N; Six, J; Venterea, RT; van Kessel, C

2015

Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture

NATURE

10.1038/nature13809

Ref42

Pittelkow, CM; Linquist, BA; Lundy, ME; Liang, XQ; van Groenigen, KJ; Lee, J; van Gestel, N; Six, J; Venterea, RT; van Kessel, C

2015

When does no-till yield more? A global meta-analysis

FIELD CROPS RESEARCH

10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.020

Ref43

Preissel, S; Reckling, M; Schlafke, N; Zander, P

2015

Magnitude and farm-economic value of grain legume pre-crop benefits in Europe: A review

FIELD CROPS RESEARCH

10.1016/j.fcr.2015.01.012

Ref44

Sun, YN; Zeng, YJ; Shi, QH; Pan, XH; Huang, S

2015

No-tillage controls on runoff: A meta-analysis

SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH

10.1016/j.still.2015.04.007

Ref45

Aguilera, E; Lassaletta, L; Gattinger, A; Gimeno, BS

2013

Managing soil carbon for climate change mitigation and adaptation in Mediterranean cropping systems: A meta-analysis

AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT

10.1016/j.agee.2013.02.003

Ref46

van Kessel, C; Venterea, R; Six, J; Adviento-Borbe, MA; Linquist, B; van Groenigen, KJ

2013

Climate, duration, and N placement determine N2O emissions in reduced tillage systems: a meta-analysis

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY

10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02779.x

Ref47

Virto, I; Barre, P; Burlot, A; Chenu, C

2012

Carbon input differences as the main factor explaining the variability in soil organic C storage in no-tilled compared to inversion tilled agrosystems

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

10.1007/s10533-011-9600-4

Ref48

Luo, ZK; Wang, EL; Sun, OJ

2010

Can no-tillage stimulate carbon sequestration in agricultural soils? A meta-analysis of paired experiments

AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT

10.1016/j.agee.2010.08.006

Ref49

Angers, DA; Eriksen-Hamel, NS

2008

Full-inversion tillage and organic carbon distribution in soil profiles: A meta-analysis

SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL

10.2136/sssaj2007.0342

Ref50

Ogle, SM; Breidt, FJ; Paustian, K

2005

Agricultural management impacts on soil organic carbon storage under moist and dry climatic conditions of temperate and tropical regions

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

10.1007/s10533-004-0360-2

 

Disclaimer: These fiches present a large amount of scientific knowledge synthesised to assess farming practices impacts on the environment, climate and productivity. The European Commission maintains this WIKI to enhance public access to information about its initiatives. Our goal is to keep this information timely and accurate. If errors are brought to our attention, we will try to correct them. However, the Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the information on these fiches and WIKI.


[1] Synthesis research papers include either meta-analysis or systematic reviews with quantitative results. Details can be found in the methodology section of the WIKI.

[2] Derpsch, R.; Franzluebbers, A.J.; Duiker, S.W.; Reicosky, D.C.; Koeller, K.; Friedrich, T.; Sturny, W.G.; Sá, J.C.M.; Weiss, K. (2014). Why do we need to standardize no-tillage research?. Soil and Tillage Research, 137, 16–22. doi:10.1016/j.still.2013.10.002

[3] Environmental Indicators for Agriculture – Vol. 3: Methods and Results, OECD, 2001, glossary, pages 389-391.

[4] https://www.fao.org/conservation-agriculture/overview/conservation-agriculture-principles/en/

[5] https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Conventional_tillage

[6] https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Conservational_tillage

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